Blacks Struggle To Reach American Dream Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Battle for the American Dream The American Dream is the thing that Americans truly desire. It comprises of individuals # 8217 ; s family unit programs, calling programs, and the kind of way of life they need to populate. Lorraine Hansberry composed the dramatization, A Raisin in the Sun, in 1958. A Raisin in the Sun gives numerous great delineations of inkinesss battling to achieve their American Dreams. The dramatization Tells of a family unit, the Youngers, who need the American Dream. The characters Mama, Ruth, Walter, and Beneatha all show how they endeavor to bring through their single dreams ; they battle through prejudice, contrasting positions, and cash occupations ( severally ) . Mother and Ruth both fantasized going out of the ghetto and venturing out to a superior region. Mother genuinely needed to go out so her family unit could be more joyful. She was headed to use the protection cash from Big Walter # 8217 ; s perish to buy a house, on the other hand of puting it into s pirits like Walter needed to. This is appeared in Mama # 8217 ; s Act I explanation, # 8220 ; Well-whether they drinks it or non ain # 8217 ; t none of my anxiety. Be that as it may, regardless of whether I go into concern offering it to # 8216 ; em is, and I wear # 8217 ; t need that on my leger this late in life # 8221 ; ( p.42 ) . Ruth was part between craving to make a trip out or to put the cash like Walter needed to. She was extremely upbeat however when Mama declared that she had purchased a house. Ruth was truly loosened in meaning her felicity unnecessarily, # 8220 ; Well-well! - All I can state is-if this is my clasp in life-MY TIME-to state farewell so I state it boisterous and great, HALLELUJAH! Furthermore, GOOD-BYE MISERY I DON # 8217 ; T NEVER WANT TO See YOUR UGLY FACE AGAIN! # 8221 ; ( p.94 ) . Ruth genuinely needs to obtain out of the ghetto since it has only given her wretchedness and bitterness, she thinks currently is her clasp to be upbeat. Mom and Ruth other than needed to oppose endeavors from Mr. Linder to keep up inkinesss from going into Clybourne Park. Linder and the individuals of Clybourne Park were bigot and scared of inkinesss going into and dirtying their region. In the wake of hearing what Linder needs to express, the family is significantly increasingly content on heading out into Clybourne Park to demo that they aren # 8217 ; T apprehensive. At that point there is Walter and his battle with Mama and Ruth about what to make with the cash. Walter Younger # 8217 ; s American Dream is to be rich and carry on with an unnecessary life like the individuals for which he escorts. He needs to use the protection cash from his dad # 8217 ; s perish to place in a spirits shop in Springfield. Willy Harris, Bobo, and Walter all program on puting 10 thousand dollars each into the shop. Walter and Mama have varying situations about what to make with the cash since he needs to place in alcohol then again of buying the house. Mother is never going to budge against the entir e spirits shop thought. This is appeared in Act II when she says, # 8221 ; there ain # 8217 ; t gon na be no interest in N o spirits stores† ( p.70 ) . This leaves Walter extremely despondent in light of the fact that his fantasies have been squashed, â€Å"So you butchered up a fantasy of mine-you-who consistently talking ’bout your children’s dreams † ( p.95 ) . Mom wouldn't tune in to Walter’s thought, she wouldn’t make them talk about puting in spirits in her â€Å"house† . After they purchase the house for 35 hundred dollars, Mama confides in Walter to count on the rest of him and Beneatha to partition. She converses with him one dim about how he’s the grown-up male of the house and should hold more state in how things are finished. She advises him to count on the remaining 65 hundred and set it in isolated narratives for him and Beneatha. Then again of making a trip to the bank like he should, Walter utilized the remaining 65 hundred dollars to place in the shop. He discovers along these lines that Willy escaped with all the cash, and there is zero remaining. Beneatha is imbecilic when she discovers all their cash is no more. Mother is extremely bad tempered at him, especially since he broke her trust. This makes the family unit reevaluate the idea of buying a house since they don’t have some other cash since Walter lost it. Beneatha # 8217 ; s American Dream is to make a trip to class and go a doctor after school. At the point when she was more youthful, she and her companions used to travel sleighing down the ice-secured rock stairss of individuals # 8217 ; s houses. One twenty-four hours her companion, Rufus, split his face open on the asphalt and needed to make a trip to the hospital. The accompanying twenty-four hours the doctors had repaired him all. This occasion is the thing that propelled Beneatha to go a doctor when she grew up. This is appeared in an Act II discussion with Agasai, # 8220 ; I at any point thought it was the one solid thing known to man that an individual could make. Fix up the evil # 8221 ; ( p. 133 ) . After Willy Harris deals their cash, she starts to end lovingness. Beneatha begins accepting that her fantasy wasn # 8217 ; t profound bounty and that it was a child # 8217 ; s way of seeing life. The dramatization, A Raisin in the Sun, is a decent start of delineations of inkin esss non convey throughing their fantasies. In the show, the Younger family battles to achieve the American Dream. Mother and Ruth fend off prejudice from the individuals of Clybourne Park in spite of the fact that they do at long last bring through their fantasy about going into a house. Walter and Bennie battled with their fantasies, however they didn # 8217 ; t bring through them. In view of Willy Harris escaping with the cash, Beneatha didn # 8217 ; Ts have cash to record into clinical school and indict a bringing in the clinical field. It has now been 40 mature ages since the clasp of the dramatization and most African Americans are as yet battling to achieve the American Dreams of opportunity and fairness. Lamentably, there are still individuals like Mr. Linder that are supremacist and that think they are better than inkinesss on the grounds that they are white.

Influencing Factors of the Company Disclosure Level

Affecting Factors of the Company Disclosure Level Earlier proof and theories In light of the hypothetical system principally concerning data asymmetry, organization issue, flagging hypothesis and political costs hypothesis, numerous past examinations have endeavored to figure and test a few theories on the affecting variables of the organization exposure level. This segment will survey the discoveries of a few earlier looks into just as setting up speculations for the current study.â (1). One of the most noteworthy highlights of Chinese capital market is thought to be its one of a kind market structure, which includes three significant sections: An offers which are just offered to local residents in residential money; B shares which are just given for outside financial specialists in remote cash, yet exchanged local trade markets; and H shares which are exchanged SEHK in remote currency.â Given their various qualities, for example, posting market, posting necessities, bookkeeping norms and detailing condition, their exposure practices and revelation strategies are required to shift systematically. Therefore, one of the essential aims of the present examination is to test whether organizations, of which offers are has a place with the three diverse market portions, show distinctive divulgence designs. Initially, outside posting status is a significant component that recognizes H shares-guarantors from different organizations giving just An or A+B shares. For this component alone, consistence with Chinese GAAP and IFRS is obligatory for these Chinese firms that issue both An and H-shares. In like manner, the IFRS-based yearly report must be inspected by a globally perceived reviewer; while the Chinese GAAP-based yearly report might be examined by neighborhood bookkeeping firms, and any distinction in total compensations between these two arrangements of bookkeeping data must be accommodated and introduced in the fiscal report. All things considered, organizations with An and H shares are dependent upon extra posting necessities just as revelation rules, thusly more noteworthy data exposure can be normal from these organizations than different firms recorded uniquely in the residential market. Aside from administrative necessity, H-share organizations are additionally constrained to unveil more data. Expecting the essential target for Chinese firms posting on worldwide stock trades is to acquire capital at the most minimal conceivable cost, they have to rival the other SEHK-recorded firms of which the westernized corporate administration frameworks are commonly accepted to be compelling as far as guaranteeing a great money related report through legitimate interior control frameworks. Difficult to deny that, contrasting and other SEHK-recorded firms, H-share PRC firms are generally accepted to have essentially more noteworthy unfriendly choice and good risk issues because of their absence of earlier exchanging history, the restricted straightforwardness of corporate administration and the board control framework, and outside investors’ worry about the wonderful state ownership.â Given these drawbacks raised from data asymmetry and the potential monetary outcome of expanded markdown rate, H-share firms ought to have more prominent motivators to focus on progressively escalated data exposure so as to lessen their organization cost. Past experimental examination by Ferguson, et. al(2002) found that organizations with both An and H-share giving reveal considerably more monetary data than simply locally recorded PRC firms just as other SEHK recorded organizations. Then again, it is commonly seen that organizations just recorded on the local trades (counting organizations with just An offers and organizations with both An and B shares) will in general embrace a moderately increasingly mystery revelation strategy, which display minimal intentional exposure if any data past the trade prerequisites (Haw et al., 2000). Ferguson, et. al (2002) offer a few clarifications: Firstly, the idea of open data divulgence is generally new to both the financial specialists and corporate directors in PRC where the essential efficient bookkeeping standard was first proclaimed since 1992. Given the less evolved advertise situated bookkeeping framework and the feeble exposure culture, Tang (2000) calls attention to that contrasting with other trade markets with develop bookkeeping frameworks, responsibility to outside speculators is less worried by most Chinese corporate supervisors; additionally, the greater part singular speculators are new to the assessment and utilization of budget report disclosures. Secondly, Ferguson, et. al (2002) contend that in light of the fact that the present capital market is encountering the change from the once in the past state-controlled economy to the new market model, there stays some old worries of speculators accentuating on the state plan. That is, neighborhood speculators despite everything will in general spotlight on â€Å"inside† data, for example, foreseen activities by the controlling government elements as opposed to depending on open data like fiscal summary divulgence (DeFond et al., 1999). Hence, corporations’ motivating forces and investors’ want for data exposure have all the earmarks of being less solid for organizations just recorded on household advertise than firms recorded on outside trades; thusly, more noteworthy degree of data revelation is normal for organizations giving both An and H shares than firms recorded uniquely on local market. The subsequent theorizes are as following: H1: Companies with both H shares and An offers will in general uncover more data than organizations giving just An offers; H2: Companies with both H shares and An offers will in general uncover more data than firms giving both An and B shares. The most significant contrast between An offer and B share is that An offers must be claimed and exchanged by Chinese residents in Chinese money, while B-offers must be possessed and exchanged by remote speculators in either Hong Kong cash or US dollars. Accordingly,â the bookkeeping guidelines relevant to firms giving just An offers is Chinese GAAP; while, for organizations giving both An and B shares are required to apply with Chinese GAAP just as IFRS. The IFRS-based yearly report must be evaluated by a globally perceived inspector, while the Chinese GAAP-based yearly report might be reviewed by neighborhood bookkeeping firms, and the inconsistency between the two arrangements of examined monetary reports should be accommodated with the IFRS and showed in the yearly report for residential financial specialists. Due to the distinctive administrative prerequisites, organizations with both An offer and B-share giving are required to uncover more data than firms with just An offers. Since contrasting and littler CPA firms, which are thought to be increasingly delicate to customer requests because of the monetary results related with the departure of a customer, bigger and universal notable evaluating firms have a more noteworthy motivating force to keep up freedom from customers pressure for restricted revelation as a result of the financial outcomes related with potential harms to their notoriety (Chow and Wong-Boren, 1986). In this manner, bigger CPA firms have a more noteworthy motivating force to require unfavorable exposures by the customer, subsequently expanding the degree of data revelation (Patteon and Zelenka, 1997). Conversely, bookkeeping data inspected by residential reviewing firms might be viewed as boisterous in light of messy data condition and deficient guideline. (Fox, 1998; Rask, Chu, Gottschang, 1998). Before 1996 no evaluating gauges existed except for a couple of rules from the supporting legislative organizations; and until 1998 every single household inspector were open representatives, who will in general go about as government specialists and bore little duty regarding any ill-advised conduct because of the absence of prosecution against them. Along these lines, reviewers ordinarily were associated with their customers and needed inspiration to be autonomous from them, thus data divulgence might be dependent upon management’s specific inclination. Regardless of the ongoing institutional changes, for example, the renewal of the bookkeeping data framework and the presentation of new evaluating principles, which plans to force stricter disciplinary standards, increasingly serious observing and authorizes, the viable actualize of administrative is still uncertainty by the market (Haw, 2008). In this manner, organizations with just An offers are probably going to make less data revelation than organizations with both An offers and B portions of which yearly reports are impacted by universally perceived examining firms. The subsequent guesses is: H3: Companies with just An offers are probably going to make less data exposure than organizations with both An offers and B shares. (Ferguson, Lam and Lee, 2002) 2.4 Disclosure by PRC-recorded Firms PRC firms recorded on the two residential trades deliberately uncover nearly nothing, if any data past the trade necessities (Haw et al., 2000). Clarifications incorporate (1) the absence of complexity regarding monetary giving an account of the piece of the two speculators and corporate supervisors, and (2) financial specialist dependence on â€Å"inside† instead of open data. Open fiscal report exposure is moderately new to the PRC. The main essential bookkeeping standard was proclaimed in 1992 and, of the 30 gauges proposed in the interceding years, just eight have been embraced. In this way, responsibility to outside speculators is new to most corporate supervisors, and most individual speculators are new to the assessment and utilization of budget report exposures (Tang, 2000). Institutional interest in the PRC is in a juvenile state. Nearby speculators are likewise prone to put more noteworthy load on elements, for example, foreseen activities by the controlling government elements than on budget summary revelations (DeFond et al., 1999). Consequently, interest for, just as flexibly of extra exposures might be constrained in the PRC residential trades. The discl

Boost Your Innovation with Workforce Diversity

Boost Your Innovation with Workforce Diversity Fostering diversity of employees is a key factor in boosting your company’s innovation. However, results from a recent survey of the Economist Intelligence Unit imply that companies are not adequately utilizing tools and technologies to handle a diverse workforce. 35 percent of the executives surveyed were using HR information systems, 31 percent were using e-learning systems and only 21 percent were utilizing networks supporting  home-based workers and enterprise social networks.Fortunately, there is reason to be hopeful. Bigger changes seem to be on the way as cloud-based technologies become common in the business world and more aging workforces get replaced by millennials. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comThis article will take you through 1) what is workforce diversity, 2) the diversity situation in 2014, 3) how workforce diversity can contribute to innovation? and 4) other benefits of workforce diversity.WHAT IS WORKFORCE DIVERSITY?Workforce diversity is about a labor force comprising a wide blend of workers from varied ethnic and racial backgrounds, of varied genders and ages, and of varied national and domestic cultures.Types of diversity1. AgeAt a particular time, three or four generations may be working together. Employees belonging to these different age groups would bring with them varied strengths, experiences and worldviews and the variations would benefit the workplace.2. Gender diversityThis is not just about treating female employees as equal to their male counterparts. It also means the inclusion and acceptance of non-sexed or transgender employees.3. DisabilityThe U.S. government supports the employment of people with mental, emotional or physical disabilities by way of federal laws and by ensuring that financial support is available to companies to hire these workers. Workplaces are also required to make reasonable accommodation available for people with “invisible disabilities” such as fibromyalgia, dyslexia or depression. By providing accommodation, the disabled workers can carry out their responsibilities without reducing performance standards or expectations.4. Ethnic/RacialThe U.S. workforce has always had people of color in it, in spite of the fact that the latter may not have received fair treatment. Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans and Asians all had their own contributions in developing different industries. Now, they are more extensively hired in corporate, professional, public and service places of employment.5. ReligiousPeople of all religions and even of no religion work together. Workplace-associated religious diversity may have its own set of challenges. An example for this would be when one e mployee does not wish to participate in a compulsory company program having religious overtones.6. Thought DiversityFor long, workforce diversity has had to do with the factors mentioned above, namely age, gender, disability, ethnicity/race and religion. However, a recent study by a U.S. based consulting and professional services company revealed that “diversity of thought” is the future of diversity in the workplace. This kind of diversity can improve problem-solving and drive innovation.People differ in their backgrounds, cultures and personalities. These differences determine their thought process. While some people think in an analytical manner, others flourish in creative zones. While some relish spontaneity, others are meticulous planners. The company believes that blending the different kinds of thinkers in the work environment can spur insight, fuel creativity and boost efficiency. Thought-associated diversity also assists with protecting against “groupthink” â€" a p erilous inclination in groups that has to do with concentrating primarily on group conformity, frequently at the cost of making fine decisions.Suppose you have a set of 10 questions for an interview session. You are going to pose these 10 questions to each of the candidates applying for a post in your company. Now, suppose four candidates of yours (A, B, C and D) answer the first 7 questions correctly, three candidates (E, F and G) answer the first 7 correctly and the 10th one correctly too. Now along comes candidate H. He can answer only the first three questions correctly but surprisingly, he also answers questions 8 and 9 correctly (two questions that all the other candidates missed). Based on the interview round, most managers would give preference to candidates E, F and G. Secondary preference may be given to candidates A, B, C and D. Hardly any manager would think of considering candidate H because he gave correct responses to a fewer number of questions. However, it may be mo re sensible to hire candidate H simply because he answered certain questions that no one else could. His answering of those questions shows that he brings a different thought process to the table.THE DIVERSITY SITUATION IN 2014As per SHRM statistics, 55 percent of companies are major diversity promoters while 42 percent of diversity programs are recommended/supported by the CEO, HR heads and top leadership. The approaches towards diversity and inclusion tend to differ in different parts of the globe. While those in North America are inclined to be centralized to a greater extent, those in Europe and Asia are more relaxed. Having said this, one common feature seen across the world is the heavy emphasis on employing and promoting women. This trend is easy to comprehend considering the fact that the female sex makes up 50 percent of the world by population. In addition, compared to their male counterparts, they are easier to incorporate into an organization owing to fewer cultural diff erences on the whole, compared to men who are considerably represented at the top tiers in the corporate workplace. Consequently, most business leaders are worried about huge gaps in emulating the general population, especially with respect to three methodically under-represented groups of people: workers in the age group of 50+, disabled individuals, and ethnic and religious minorities. In future, it will be essential for companies to conquer the hurdles that keep these groups from being integrated into the topmost levels of a company.HOW WORKFORCE DIVERSITY CAN CONTRIBUTE TO INNOVATIONLanguage diversityLanguage diversity is achieved thanks to the hiring of employees of different nationalities. This language diversity can be helpful in interactions with clients from different nationalities.Larger skill setThe greater the diversity in your workforce, the more rich the skill set and competencies your company is blessed with. There’s only good and no bad in bettering your company’ s capacity for success irrespective of what the future has in store.Boosts creativityEnabling workers of different backgrounds, experiences and qualifications to work together paves the way for effective on-the-job problem solving. What’s more, the cross-fertilization among diverse groups within the organizations causes a boost in creativity. Multiple voices bring about new ideas, new products and new services and engender out-of-the-box thinking. Employees representing varied backgrounds bring with them a range of solutions on how to accomplish a common objective. With the number of diverse ideas suggested increasing, the possibilities of arriving at a workable answer are better. If the atmosphere is one that necessitates brainstorming, more ideas are crafted owing to the existence of a culturally diverse team. Case in point: An American company may gain from a completely different approach to solving a problem by way of Chinese or other nationalities working in their company.A v ariety of opinions, ideas and approaches helps businesses make decisions pertaining to initiating, running and funding their operations as well as decisions pertaining to marketing.Helps in understanding requirements of a diverse customer baseEmployers can cater better to a diverse customer base owing to a variety in fresh processes and ideas introduced into the organization. Employee diversity leads to new ideas and helps with boosting the capture of new clients and global opportunities.The executives of L’Oreal USA comprehend the insight and value the company’s diverse workforce can offer in developing consumer offerings and brands that cater to particular ethnic groups. By developing an inclusive and diverse workforce and then tapping the perspectives and ideas of its talent pool, the company comes up with products that tackle a range of consumer concerns while also developing communities within varied populations.OTHER BENEFITS OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITYHelps to avoid employee t urnover expensesBusinesses that are unsuccessful at cultivating inclusive workforces are associated with higher turnover rates when compared to business that attach the necessary importance to workforce diversity. This is because the former encourage an unfriendly work environment that makes employees want to leave. Owing to their inability to retain talented employees, avoidable turnover-associated costs are the result, at the cost of the company’s profits. To avoid these costs, businesses should foster a discrimination-free and diverse work environment.Increases employee motivation and productivityEmployees are motivated to work consistently and better when they are treated with respect and dignity. In addition, employee morale increases. This in turn can lead to increased work output from them and competitive advantages. Leadership diversity within the organization enables managers to contribute new methods and skills for accomplishing concord within their teams.Improves compan y reputationJob seekers are attracted to businesses with a diverse workforce owing to the fact that it is obvious these companies do not observe employment discrimination. Prospective employees would like to think that their prospective employer is one who treats all his staff equally irrespective of their race, gender, ethnicity or other factors. Thus, it is quite clear that the fact that an organization believes in and practices employee diversity will improve the organization’s reputation. Such an organization is successful at both attracting and retaining talent. Gone are the days when top talent was embodied by a homogenous group. Currently, top talent incorporates representation of people from varied life experiences and backgrounds.Helps to take advantage of the company’s entire potentialIf we take the example of the United States, it is expected that by the year 2050, ethnic or racial majority will not exist there. So, the nation’s boardrooms will have to show that the y represent these altering demographics. At present, women and people of color only represent 18 and 14.5 percent, respectively, of Fortune 500 company corporate boards (among the senior management). Companies could be more competent if they recruited board directors with varied experiences and extensive expertise.SOME WAYS TO ENCOURAGE EMPLOYEE DIVERSITYDevelop a diversity policy and make it publicThis policy should fix formal strategies and goals relating to shaping an equal opportunity environment. As soon as your policy is established, make it public, both externally and internally.Publicize job vacancies in various venues to magnetize a varied workforceLook further than apparent recruitment techniques and venues to get the right people. There are plenty of sites online that are helpful for equal opportunity employment. These include: En Espanol, The Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers, The National Society of Black Engineers, America’s Job Bank, Black Executive Exchang e Program, and the Society of Women Engineers.Craft job descriptions that don’t exclude anyoneYour job description should be lucidly written for all kinds of applicants and with no discrimination whatsoever.Be up-to-date on legislationThis will help you steer clear of potential litigation.Learn about cultural traditions and holidaysWhether you’re in the top ranks of your company or another employee, be understanding if your coworker takes time off to celebrate a particular festival or observe a specific custom. If one or more of your employees from different nations or cultural environments openly talk about some customs, consider studying about these customs (for example: their origins, what they signify and the date they are celebrated). If you put in the time to know more about these customs, your employees would most probably be touched by it.Facilitate flexible working arrangementsPermitting flexibility in the work environment will show you to be a fair employer in addition to one who fosters employee diversity. You can consider options such as part-time schedules, modified daily starting and closing times, telecommuting, job sharing and/or compressed work week. Offering such options will help your employees be good at their job as well as look after their domestic responsibilities well or else, develop their talents in some other manner.   An employee who is professionally and personally fulfilled will most likely turn into an efficient and enthusiastic employee.It is true that company attempts at diversity and inclusion are a given. However, organizations still have to deal with challenges â€" both internal and external in executing these procedures and policies. Internally, companies continue to struggle with negative thought processes with respect to variety among their rank-and-file. Externally, an unsteady economic recovery has hindered the hiring efforts of many companies. In future, companies would additionally have to come to grips with an ag ing workforce, difficulties associated with handling a multi-generational workforce, and a reducing pipeline of qualified hands. Fortunately, organizations can be positioned to withstand these troubles and soar above the competition provided they give top priority to diversity and inclusion endeavors. Yes, there’s no doubt that employee diversity is essential to take your business forward.

The Great Economic Divergence Between China And Europe

The great economic divergence between China and Europe has generated countless debates, and as various scholars unite to provide reasons for this phenomenon, numerous interesting theories are born. Among these views is the monumental theory of history researcher and professor Kenneth Pomeranz. Pomeranz’s theory lists Europe’s convenient access to coal and the New World colonies as the chief reasons for its industrialization. However, many scholars, such as history professor Peter Coclanis , question these claims and believe the divergence was caused by additional factors, not just coal and the New World colonies. Pomeranz and Coclanis make interesting comments on the ecological, cultural and political differences that existed in both areas and how each contributed to this divergence. Historically, there have been numerous theories that attempt to explain the Great Divergence, and analysis of Pomeranz’s essay and Coclanis’ article help reveal many potentia l causes. The main point Pomeranz discusses in his essay is the large contributions ecological differences, specifically Europe’s convenient access to coal, had on the divergence. To initiate his argument, Pomeranz explains that China’s wealth before the industrial age was comparable to Europe’s , a fact Coclanis claims, is now impossible to overlook . Then, Pomeranz proceeds to use his own calculations to show the shrinking supply of wood in Europe and China and finally, uses historical demographer E.A. Wrigley’sShow MoreRelatedThe Great Divergence : China, Europe And The Making Of The Modern World Economy Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the long time of economic history, the Industrial Revolution happened in England in the eighteenth century is definitely a turning point which triggers many scholars’ interests. 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The Universal Periodic Review Hearing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1351 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? The Bangladesh Report, under the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council, must reflect the true prevailing status of the human rights situation, without distortion or half-truths. On 3 February 2009, the Bangladesh report was discussed by the Human Rights Council in Geneva. Odhikar believes that the imposition and continuation of the State of Emergency for a long time was the single most important incident of human rights violation. The Emergency deprived the people of their fundamental rights. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Universal Periodic Review Hearing" essay for you Create order UPR recommendations from the Odhikar and FIDH8 joint submission are given below: Rein in the security forces and stop all extrajudicial killings and refrain from using murder as a policing tool. Set up an independent body to deal with complaints against members of security forces for violation of rights, with adequate powers to investigate and where necessary, recommend prosecution. Stop the use of torture in all its forms by law officers once an individual is in custody or under effective control of a member of the law enforcement agencies. Ratify the Rome Statute of 1998 establishing the International Criminal Court that Bangladesh is a signatory to and adopt implementing legislations. Legislate the outlawing of torture in line with the Governments obligation as a Party to the UNCAT, on a priority basis and put in place lawful interrogation procedures including the interrogation of people remanded in custody in glass-partitioned rooms and in the presence of relatives or lawyers, as ordered by the High Court in April 2003 and amend the Code of Criminal Procedure accordingly. Provide compensation to victims of torture. Incorporate and ensure fundamental rights and freedoms in counter terrorism legislation including guaranteeing internationally recognised fair trial rights. 8 FIDH: International Federation for Human Rights, based in Paris, France ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Reorganize the justice system to make it women friendly, including legislation on victims and witness protection. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Amendments should include making recommendations of the UN Human Rights Commission binding, and awarding the Commission its right to be consulted by the Government in legislations with human rights implications. Suggestions and Recommendations 2009 has been an eventful year for those who perpetrate abuse on human rights. In order to uphold the rights of the people as guaranteed by the Constitution and the laws of the land, Odhikar has placed here some suggestions for a safer, more democratic Bangladesh. As per the election manifesto of the present Government and the UPR declaration of the United Nations, extra-judicial killings must come to an end. The Government must bring before trial those involved in these killings. The Government must refrain from narrowing down the path to democratic rights and cease the practice of coming down on political groups holding a different political opinion. Torture during interrogation or remand must be stopped immediately and the recommendations placed by the High Court Division in 2003 must be implemented. Freedom of the media must be ensured. A proper investigation is needed into the incidents of repression and torture towards journalists. Independent and fair investigations must be carried out in relation to the deaths of the BDR members who were in custody. Transparency and accountability must be upheld in the treason cases involving the BDR Jawans. For the sake of justice and upholding the rights of the accused, the accused in the BDR mutiny should be allowed to be represented by a legal counsel of their choice. The Government must take effective steps to stop violence against women. Those involved in such violence must be brought under the purview of the law and the victims must also be provided with necessary assistance including adequate compensation. The victims and witnesses must be provided protection so that the perpetrator cannot exert fear upon them or inflict violence on them again. Odhikar also urges the Government to create a special fund for treating the physical and mental consequences of such violence. The wages of the workers of the readymade garments factories must be paid in time. The Government must watch over the garments factories to ensure that the workers are being paid regularly and that the issues concerning wage raises The Government must pay more attention to its citizens working as overseas labourers. The policy on overseas migration and overseas labour must be strictly implemented. Bangladesh Embassies abroad must be more diligent in safeguarding the rights of its workforce in foreign countries. The Government must also be active in obtaining adequate compensation for the families of the deceased and the tortured labourers. The government should take immediate steps to stop political violence. Those who are engaged in such violence must be brought to justice. Law enforcement agencies should be strengthened to stop the violence. The Government must take effective steps so that the killings of Bangladeshi citizens by the BSF come to an end. The Anti-Terrorism Act 2008, a tool for committing human rights violations, must be scrapped. Rights of the ethnic and religious minority communities must be guaranteed and security to their property and belongings must also be provided, as per legal and constitutional provisions. The Government must follow the Paris Principles regarding human rights defenders and their protection. The National Human Rights Commission The Government of Bangladesh passed the National Human Rights Commission Bill on July 9, 2009. The Bill provides for a selection procedure of members to the National Human Rights Commission by a seven-member Selection Committee. This will allow direct intervention by the Government, since four members of the Selection Committee have come from the ruling party. The three remaining members are a Government nominated retired Justice, who is also the Chair of the Law Commission and another is a Secretary of the Cabinet. Keeping room for only one member from the Opposition party has reduced the proposed National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) into an entity subservient to and controlled by the Government. The National Human Rights Commission will be a toothless tiger, as it has not been given the power to take measures against an accused person or against law enforcement agencies. While the Commission itself should be given the power to file cases against human rights violators, the provision in the Bill only allows the NHRC to make suggestions to the Government to take steps against persons against whom accusations have been proven. The Commission has no visible functional capacity. It is a caricature of what the human right defenders have been demanding for a long time and therefore totally inadequate and unacceptable. Parliament: The prevailing formal institutional structure of the political system in Bangladesh appears handicapped in checking the unbridled power and authority of government and ill-equipped in calling the government to account. All the major characteristics of a strong legislature are virtually absent in Bangladesh. State power is highly centralized rather than dispersed. The president is a titular head of state and he performs according to the advices of the prime minister and plays into the hand of the ruling regime. All the major political institutions including the Speaker of the parliament have been politicized and used against the major opposition parties in the country. Major local government institutions have been dysfunctional for over a decade. The parliament and parliamentary committees have been dominated and monopolized by the ruling government. No space has been left for the opposition political parties to participate and con ­tribute to the governance system. The opposit ion is thus left out to the street. Thus the external environment of the parliament and parliamentary committees has largely determined the way parliament and committees have performed in Bangladesh. Executive: The domination of the ruling party is evident in the structural and functional arrangement of the committee system in Bangladesh. Structurally the committee is arranged in such a way that without the assent of the party in power no action can be taken to make the executive accountable. The stalwarts (including the party chief) of the ruling party have enormous influence from the formation of committees to the implementation of committee recommendations. The institu ­tional domination of the ruling party has also been reflected in the real-world functioning of the committee in securing executive accountability in Bangladesh. Prime ministers in the 1990s have been seen interfering in the operations of committees.

Enhancing Efl Learners Writing Skill Via Journal Writing Education Essay Free Essays

The accomplishment of authorship has been for old ages considered to be of import, but besides demanding and disputing for foreign linguistic communication scholars. In Enhancing EFL Learners ‘ Writing Skill via Journal Writing, Tuan points out that pupils ‘ advancement in authorship is hindered by uninteresting nature of the accomplishment itself ( Hedge, 1991: 6 ) , fright of rectification and clip force per unit area ( Weir, 1990: 61 ) . In his research, he aims at set uping whether the acquisition of composing accomplishments can be facilitated and advanced by the usage of diary authorship. We will write a custom essay sample on Enhancing Efl Learners Writing Skill Via Journal Writing Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The experiment took topographic point amongst 85 Vietnamese sophomore pupils of English of similar authorship proficiency. The topics, divided into Control ( CG ) and Experimental Group ( EG ) , were assigned assorted in-class authorship activities. Members of the latter were besides required to carry on a personal diary for a period of 13 hebdomads. The consequences were analysed and compared harmonizing to quantitative ( figure of words produced, figure of unfinished essays, figure of errors and mean tonss ) and qualitative methods ( questionnaire study ) . The findings province that participants from the Experimental Group produced more words, made less errors and received better tonss. Their motive has besides increased as they found the activity utile and enjoyable. It is undeniable that the pattern of composing diaries helped Experimental Group scholars develop their general composition accomplishments, nevertheless, carry oning the research in an academic environment seems slightly unequal, peculiarly when one takes into consideration Tuan ‘s motivations behind the survey and the fact that academic authorship is well different from that found in a typical foreign linguistic communication schoolroom. Britton ( 1972: 93 ) , in his acknowledged taxonomy, divided composing into three types: expressive ( exploratory ) , transactional ( explanatory ) , and poetic. This differentiation has been since supported by legion bookmans, including Phenix ( 2002: 50-52 ) and Browne ( 1999: 8-9 ) . Transactional authorship is related to academia, as it â€Å" prepares authors for engagement in their academic or professional discourse community † ( Babin and Harrison, 1999: 258 ) , while private diaries are classified as expressive composing seeing that they involve â€Å" linguistic communication near to the ego, uncovering the talker, verbalising his consciousness, exposing his stopping point relationship with the reader † ( Britton et al. , 1975: 88 ) . White ( 1995: 201 ) placed journal authorship amongst those techniques that help develop expressive, non explanatory composing accomplishments. On this footing serious uncertainties can be raised against the value of diary authors hip in developing academic authorship accomplishments. White proposes that the advancement in scholarly authorship should non be achieved by agencies of authorship, but reading: Within academic authorship, the nexus between reading and composing is extremely of import. Reading provides content every bit good as theoretical accounts. Students need developing in sum uping and rephrasing so that they can abstract thoughts from beginnings and present them within the context of their ain authorship ( White, 1995: 59 ) . It is extremely likely that by composing diaries pupils were forced to look for certain words and forms in order to convey their ideas and feelings, which developed their general authorship accomplishments and improved foreign linguistic communication competency. It is nevertheless undeniable that such development is limited to specific, repetitive set phrases and discourse ( e.g. day-to-day modus operandis ) and does non enable pupils to compose in a broad spectrum of subjects. One of the standards taken into history by the writer when measuring findings was figure of words produced. This benchmark seems nevertheless by no agencies related to truth and eloquence – standards of judgement. Undoubtedly, a greater figure of words does non guarantee the meaningfulness of vocalizations. It can, on the contrary, cause prolixity as the participants use constructions that are typical for this peculiar discourse ( e.g. disjunct adverbials ) . With mention to the statements that supported set abouting the research, one averment stated that pupils feel â€Å" uncomfortable about being corrected † and are hence afraid of perpetrating mistakes. The conversations nevertheless revealed that the pupils felt that they can larn and profit from doing mistakes, even if they encounter jobs with showing thoughts and feelings over a limited linguistics repertory. Another disagreement between the concluding behind the research and the existent results is that the challenge of developing the wont of â€Å" believing on paper † was non met by diary authorship. Despite bring forthing more words and doing less errors, huge bulk of Experimental Group pupils kept interpreting their thoughts from the First to the Second Language. Although the research has emphasised truth, instead less attending has been paid to fluency in footings of functional rightness. The interviews conducted by the research worker expose great diverseness in discourse used by the participants. The linguistic communication of the pupil who liked diary authorship appears comparatively right, but sounds unnatural and awkward. Conversely, the pupil who did non like the activity, makes a few errors, but his address comes across every bit much more natural and unschooled. On the whole, the extracts from pupils entries presented in the article are a mixture of formal and informal authorship, with phrases like â€Å" I feel like composing diaries † in one sentence, and â€Å" hence † or â€Å" a meaningful nowadays † in another. As a consequence, the concluding lingual merchandise sounds inelegant and unreal. One advantage of diary authorship is the development of certain, general authorship accomplishments. However, the virtues of diary authorship in developing academic authorship accomplishments remained unaddressed by the research. In the instance of the probe, it seems that pupils gained accomplishments they should already possess or at least pattern at the academic degree: summarising, rephrasing, critical thought, and doing their authorship cohesive. How to cite Enhancing Efl Learners Writing Skill Via Journal Writing Education Essay, Essay examples

Serenissima Trend Spring

Identify trend name, and give a brief description of the message behind this trend Serenissima (â€Å"the most serene†) represents an atmosphere that is romantic yet modern. The color palette of this trend primarily consists of purplish pinks, mint green and turquoise hues that remind a state of calmness. These colors can be applied to various appearances and fine materials such as ironwork, silk, tapestry, embroidery, jewelry, Murano along with many others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Serenissima Trend: Spring-Summer 2016 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More luxurious materials such as semi-precious stones, gems, and marbles are harmoniously combined with colors of this trend. Depending on the material, the same color may create an extremely different atmosphere. In general, the soft color palette of purple and green evokes a sense of modern femininity and decorativeness. The purpose of this trend is to represent the new side of beauty. Serenissima is influenced by two zeitgeists of two different epochs: Renaissance and Romanticism. Renaissance is famous for challenging religious visions and considerations. This period brought the idea of superiority of human mind and body. The attitude towards religion changed as people became more self-aware (Romanek 4). Tom Nichols considers Renaissance painting to be a visual poetry (75). The same is with Serenissima. This trend renders ideas of calm freedom. For example, the unity of the stylish mixture of flourishes, flowers, arabesques and intarsia of fine materials or wrought iron renders poetic meanings (â€Å"Serenissima. Surfaces Material Trends† n. pag.). Romanticism, on the contrary, emphasizes the significance of human emotions and celebrates human life (Shostak 38). Serenissima combines zeitgeists that glorify emotions and the human mind. This juxtaposition gives the new idea about modern beauty — beauty that seeks inspiration in two fundamental features of human nature. Describe the target market that this trend theme would apply to There is no doubt that the target audience of this trend is able to appreciate the magnificence of past. However, when identifying the target audience, it is necessary to think about age and income and education level (Porta par. 10). Thus, the trend would apply to individuals who are well-educated and understand at least basic concepts of epochs. Most representatives of this audience will be middle-aged people with middle and high socio-economic status. However, the notes of modernity and new romanticism would attract the younger audience as well. Sculptured transparencies and shininess would be attractive for youth who appreciates modern luxury (â€Å"Serenissima. Surfaces Material Trends† n. pag.). The trend will bond to people who know their goals in life and ways of their achievement. Serenissima is for those who can see something new in the juxtaposit ion of already existing ideas, thoughts, styles, and materials.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How might this theme relate to product categories and price-points? This theme may be realized in a variety of products. However, its power may be fully recognized in interior decorations. Colored transparency may be utilized for the embodiment of new ideas in furniture. Simple color schemes may be combined with textured and sculptural interior designs in 2016 (â€Å"Modern Interior Design Trends 2016 to Stay and Go Away† par. 3). The combination of purple and silver may be realized in closing and accessories. Shimmering and transparency can contribute to closing drastically as well. Laser cut and mini sculpture can comprise a significant source of the creation of home accessories (â€Å"Serenissima. Surfaces Material Trends† n. pag.). Price points for these product categories may b e accessible for middle-class representative due to the combination of expensive luxury materials and semi-precious materials. Nevertheless, the mastery needed for the creation of these products may be costly. Works Cited Modern Interior Design Trends 2016 to Stay and Go Away. n.d. Web. Nichols, Tom. Renaissance Art: A Beginner’s Guide. London, United Kingdom: Oneworld Publications, 2012. Print. Porta, Mandy. How to Define Your Target Market. 2010. Web. Romanek, Trudee. Great Ideas of the Renaissance. New York City, New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2009. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Serenissima Trend: Spring-Summer 2016 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Serenissima. Surfaces Material Trends. 2016 ed. Vol. 58. Milan: A+A Design Studio, 2014. N. pag. Print. Shostak, Art. Viable Utopian Ideas: Shaping a Better World. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2015. Print. This essay on Serenissima Trend: Spring-Summer 2016 was written and submitted by user Fallen One to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Greek Eros and Philia Love Magic

Greek Eros and Philia Love Magic Classical scholar Christopher Faraone writes about love among the ancient Greeks. He looks at evidence from erotic charms, spells. and potions to form a mixed picture of what relations between the sexes were really like. In this article, we use Farones information to explain the common uses of love magic between ancient Greek men and women. But first, a small digression to introduce terms used for love: Brotherly Love; Gods Love; Romantic love; Parents Love The following online discussion argues that the reason English speakers are confused about love is that we dont have enough words for it. Writer A:I recently read: Sanskrit has ninety-six words for love; ancient Persian has eighty; Greek three; and English only one.The author thought it was symbolic of the devaluation of the feeling function in the West. Writer B:Interesting, but I think English speakers do know the 96 forms of love - they just jam it into one word! The Greek words were eros, agape, and philia, right? See, we all use those definitions, but in the same word. Eros is a romantic, sexual hormone-raging love. Agape is a deep, connecting, brotherly love. Philia is a...hmm...I think necrophilia and pedophilia explain it.That is why we are all confused over what love is, since we have dozens of definitions for it! Agape and Philia vs. Eros We native speakers of English distinguish between lust and love but tend to get confused when we look at the Greek distinction between: eros andagape orphilia Affection as Love While it is easy to understand agape as the love one feels towards friends, family, and animals, we think of the mutual affection we feel towards our mates as different. Affection and Passion The agape (or philia) of the Greeks included affection, and also the sexual passion felt towards our mates, according to the University of Chicagos Christopher A. Faraone. Eros, however, was new, disorienting passion, conceived of as an attack of unwelcome lust, aptly represented as inflicted by the arrow-wielding god of love. Black and White Love Magic When we talk about black magic, we mean spells or voodoo practices designed to hurt someone else; by white, we mean spells or charms whose aim is to heal or help, often connected with medicinal herbs and other holistic or non-traditional healing practices. From our perspective, the ancient Greeks used black and white magic to arm themselves in the arena of love. Black magic: There were magical effigies much like those used today by practitioners of voodoo. The practitioner of this aggressive magic would cast an incantation and poke or burn the effigy in an effort to affect the person represented. The intention was to make the woman represented suffer the pangs of lust to the point that she would leave her family. The practitioner might invoke Eros, Pan, Hekate, or Aphrodite.White magic: Practitioners applied herbs to make an errant lover return or to restore harmony to a dysfunctional relationship. She might invoke Selene, Helios, or Aphrodite. Both types of love magic usually involved spells or incantations, but the type were referring to as black is more closely related to curse tablets than the other, more benign, love magic. The difference between these two types of magic is based on the difference between the two types of love, eros and philia. Gender-Based Love Magics Faraone distinguishes these two types of love, eros and philia, and their related magics as overwhelmingly gender-based. Men used the eros-based agoge spells [agolead] designed to lead women to them; women, the philia spells. Men used the spells to make women burn with passion. Women used the spells as aphrodisiacs. Men tied up their effigies and tortured them. They used incantations, tortured animals, burning, and apples. Women spread ointments on the clothing of their mates or sprinkled herbs in food. They also used incantations, knotted cords, and love potions. Theocritus Iunx The gender division isnt absolute. The iunx is said to have been a small, sexually rapacious bird which Greek men would tie on a wheel and then torture, in the hopes of filling the objects of their lust with burning, irresistible passion. In Theocritus second Idyll, its not a man, but a woman who uses an iunx as a magical object for an agoge spell. She repeatedly chants: Iunx, bring my man home. Mythology and Modern Love Magic in Pill Form While the agoge spells, the ones men usually used on women, resemble voodoo and seem like what we call black magic, the philia spells could also be deadly. As is the nature of many herbs, you only need a little. When the mythological Deianeira used the centaurs ointment on Hercules garment, it was as a philia spell, to keep Heracles from abandoning her for his new love, Iole (cf Women of Trachis). Although we do not know, perhaps a drop would not have killed him; however, the amount Deianeira used proved fatal. The ancient Greeks did not distinguish magic from medicine, as we claim to do. The need for erotic (whether agoge or philia) magic has long extended into domestic life where the wife of an impotent man (or the man himself) might invoke a bit of philia magic. Viagras popularity attests to the fact that we still practice magic miracle cures. Source Faraone, Christopher A., Ancient Greek Love Magic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Definition and Examples of Trademark

Definition and Examples of Trademark A trademark is a distinctive word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies a product or service and is legally owned by its manufacturer or inventor. Abbreviation, TM. In formal writing, as a general rule, trademarks should be avoided unless specific products or services are being discussed. Exceptions are sometimes made when a trademark (for example, Taser) is better known than its generic equivalent (electroshock weapon).The website of the International Trademark Association [INTA] includes a guide to the proper use of more than 3,000 trademarks registered in the U.S. According to the INTA, a trademark should always be used as an adjective qualifying a generic noun that defines the product or service [for example, Ray-Ban sunglasses, not Ray-Bans]. . . . As adjectives, marks should not be used as plurals or in the possessive form, unless the mark itself is plural or possessive (such as 1-800-FLOWERS, MCDONALD’S or LEVI’S). Examples and Observations Band-AidChap StickCrock-PotDolbyFormicaFreonFrisbeeHacky SackHooverJacuzziJeepJet SkiKleenexLoaferLycraMaceNaugahydePlaybillPopsicleRollerbladeSkivviesSporkTaserTeletypeVaselineVelcroWindbreaker Originally trademarks, these common names are now regarded as generic names: aspirinbundt cakecellophanedittodry iceescalatorgranolaheroinkerosenelinoleumLPminibikenylonpogosticktarmacthermostouch-tonetrampolinewedgieyo-yozipper

Landowner Responsibility in a Sharecropping Agreement Essay

Landowner Responsibility in a Sharecropping Agreement - Essay Example However, modern farming techniques, market forces, and variables that arise on an individual basis have added new dimensions to this age-old practice. Chemicals, fertilizers, pest control, and grain handling all need to be carefully considered. Who will stand the expense Who will maintain responsibility for management decisions For the landowner, these are important questions that need to be answered and agreed upon before entering into a 50/50 agreement with a tenant farmer. The primary responsibility of the landowner is to provide the land necessary to produce a crop. Cropsharing is used in the Midwest United States primarily for small grains such as corn and soybeans where the grains are rotated to maintain soil quality and reduce the threat of pests (Sadoulet, de Janvry and Fukui, 1997). In these cases, the landowner provides the land and the tenant provides the necessary equipment and labor needed to plant, care for, and properly maintain the fields of grain. Along with the land that the landowner provides, it is usually assumed that the owner has the responsibility to provide the tenant with unlimited access to the land as seen necessary by the tenant. The provision of the land, and access, is only the most basic responsibility that the landowner has. ... The most common complaint aired by landowners in a sharecropping arrangement is that the tenant does not involve the landowner in the ongoing process and fails to update the owner on the ongoing operation of the farm. Likewise, the major complaint from tenants is that the owner fails to involve themselves in the ongoing responsibility of making management decisions. The owner has the responsibility to himself, as well as the tenant farmer, to be pro-active in reaching out and continuing a dialogue. It is vital that the landowner spells out the exact terms and conditions of the agreement and attempt to foresee any problems or unexpected situations that may arise. The best and most binding agreements are done in writing. Although laws vary from state to state, oral agreements are usually only valid for a limited amount of time and often there is a conflict about what was originally said should a disagreement arise. Yet, with all the vulnerabilities that an oral agreement subjects the landowner to, a recent study at the University of Missouri showed that fewer than 35% of all sharecropping agreements are done in writing (Sadoulet et al., 1997). In a setting where trust has always been held in high esteem, it is sometimes awkward to initiate a written agreement. Landowners who are used to doing a deal on no more than a handshake should carefully consider all aspects of their responsibility and assure that it is fully understood by the tenant farmer. One aspect of the agreement is the responsibility for fertilizing the crop. In today's market, some farmers believe their land is more valuable than the machinery and labor provided by the tenant and insist on a yield ratio higher than 50/50. The landowner may be tempted to shift some of the operation's expenses to

Franklin D, Roosevelt on the four freedoms(1941) Assignment

Franklin D, Roosevelt on the four freedoms(1941) - Assignment Example They include freedom of speech and expression where every human being was able to express him/herself all over the world. Second was the freedom of worship as one wish without any interference. He argued individual should be allowed to leadership from the Almighty. Third was the freedom from want which would provide peaceful coexistence among the world populace and the last freedom was the freedom from fear which would reduce disarmament among nations so as to reduce the fear that existed among the residents. The four freedoms influence history in the 20th and 21st centuries. The president was guided by the principles and help America out of seclusion to more ways of acceptance by other countries among them were the European nations during the war. Guided by peace message around the world, Franklin initiated peace talks with various nations’ and leaders such as Churchill that led to formation of the United Nations to monitor world peace. Franklin four pillars of freedom have also formed the major changes that occur around the world. In fact they have formed the major basic human rights in many constitutions. Many governments including the United States considers them to be the fundamentals of a democratic state in the modern era. Any government that denies its citizens the four freedoms is just but a dictatorship regime and is prone to be neglected by the major world nations. Hence, the four freedoms have greatly resulted into democracy and peace around the world. The source of the data enabled us to know exactly who presented the information since it was from a recorded video tape. We were also able to establish the emotions that was involved by Franklin in its quest to have a more better world that do not involved in constant wrangles. However, the source do have some weakness, for instance the author does not exist anymore hence we could not consult him to substantiate his ideas.

Reflective Essay: Reflection Techniques and Incidents

Reflective Essay: Reflection Techniques and Incidents Mohammed Islam Reflective Report Strategic Perspectives EXECUTIVE SUMMARY- This paper will provide a reflective analysis of personal experience from a MEGA learning exercise. The MEGA business simulation was undertaken by students from October 2014 to December 2014. It consisted of eight official game weeks with an initial two weeks provided as a practice period. Students were given the opportunity to form groups in order to complete the weekly strategic decisions within the simulation (see appendix). The report will incorporate relevant theories and concepts in relation to reflective analysis and discuss how reflective practice techniques can be useful in analysing the Mega Learning team experience. Moreover, three critical incidents (positive or negative) which have affected the team will be discussed. 1.0 INTRODUCTION- Reflective writing is a regular topic of conversation within academic literature. This is because the idea of reflection itself provides various benefits regardless of the context in which you decide to use it. By deciding to reflect on something an individual is able to look back at the scenario and analyse the situation. This provides the opportunity to determine what happened, why it happened and how it can be changed in the future if the scenario was repeated. Gibbs (1988) postulated that It is not sufficient simply to have an experience in order to learn. Without reflecting upon this experience it may quickly be forgotten, or its learning potential lost. It is from the feelings and thoughts emerging from this reflection that generalisations or concepts can be generated. And it is generalisations that allow new situations to be tackled effectively. Reflective writing enables an individual to critically analyse a scenario and highlight experiences in a structured format. The writer is able to obtain further insights from a range of perspectives including academic literature and self-evaluation. By writing something down an individual has the opportunity to take into account further considerations and provide a deeper reflection of the experiences that have occurred (Schà ¶n, 1987). Thus, reflective writing will provide the ideal process in analysing the Mega Learning team experience. 2.0 Reflective Practise Techniques 2.1 CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE- The Critical Incident Technique was developed in 1954 by John Flanagan with the assistance of various other collaborators. The model of reflection which was originally designed for job analysis purposes is an ideal process in analysing the Mega Learning Team experience. It is suggested that the technique consists of a set of procedures for collecting direct observations of human behaviour. This is done in such a way as to facilitate their potential usefulness in solving practical problems and developing broad psychological principles (Flanagan, 1954: 327). I feel the critical incident technique will provide a simple yet effective method in analysing the team performance within the Mega Learning simulation. Predominantly it will enable myself and others in the group to identify significant incidents whether positive or negative that occurred during the course of the simulation. By having the opportunity to reflect on the simulation through this process, individuals will be able to foc us on specific incidents and therefore critically analyse each situation. Thus, providing a deeper understanding and outlook on what situations occurred, why they occurred and how the scenario can provide a basis to learn from if the scenario where to repeat itself. 2.2 LOGBOOK- The logbook/dairy provided group members the opportunity to record weekly entries throughout the simulation (see appendix 1). This consisted of information regarding the discussions that took place in relation to the simulation and the weekly results. Group members kept a record of what was discussed, who was designated what role and what the strategy/action plan was. I feel the logbook will prove to be an essential and effective tool in analysing the Mega Learning Team experience. It provides a precise verification of a process and assists in reflection of past actions, thus ensuring better decisions can be made in future situations (Schon, 1987). Moreover, it allows students to identify specific critical incidents and refresh our memories on when it occurred and what exactly happened. It provides a source of evidence which cannot be altered or tampered with. Therefore, an individual could not possibly say a situation did or did not occur if it is not listed within this document. Fu rthermore, the logbook required group participation which provided the opportunity for team members to communicate with each other. By taking part in the creation of the logbook, it will help me analyse the Mega Learning team experience more effectively. 3.0 Group Formation Group formation consisted of individuals writing down personal strengths and weaknesses on a piece of paper. This was done in order to form groups of individuals who possess a range of strengths and characteristics. However, initial groups were formed through familiarity as students chose to work with people they knew or had previously worked with. I chose to work with two other individuals who are studying the same course as me because I knew how they operate. I wanted to achieve the best grade possible and I knew that the other two individuals would place maximum effort into achieving this goal. The other team members were attracted through the use of the strengths and weaknesses technique. Our group were on the lookout for individuals with Finance and Human Resources as key skills in order to gain a competitive advantage within the simulation. After reflecting upon this, I feel the method of group formation was justified as there was mix of familiarity along with new additions. Th rough random selection of individuals you are not familiar with it is not guaranteed which type of individuals you will be working with. Therefore, you might have to work with people who do not intend to contribute or place maximum effort into achieving the best grade. Conversely, you may also be placed with brilliant individuals who bring a range of skills and maximum effort to the group. After initial struggles with clarity of individual roles within the team, specialist tasks were delegated to each member of the group. Each team member had a specific task which they had to complete every week. Myself and the rest of the group thought it would be best if everyone had their own task to focus on in order to achieve the best result within the simulation. After reflecting upon this, it is interesting to note that the delegation of roles links significantly to Dr Meredith Belbins (1981, 2012) team roles theory. By reflecting back at the scenario, I am amazed at how each individual un-intentionally falls into specific categories of Belbins team roles. No method was used by our group to match the delegation of tasks/individuals to the roles within Belbins theory. 4.0 Critical Incident 1 (Negative to Positive) Initially, along with the other team members I was very annoyed. I felt that the individual was not attempting to contribute at all in completing the simulation. The team member did not provide any ideas or come to the meetings having looked at the following weeks results. They would just agree with the ideas of the rest of the group but have no opinion themselves. This persisted for a few weeks until I decided to say something to the team member in question. Moreover, I decided to take it upon myself to ask them to contribute more to the group and assist in completing the simulation. I took on the role of the leader and delegated a specific role to the individual and advised them not to be afraid to voice their opinion. This situation correlates with Tuckmans (1965) theory of performing team development model. It relates to the forming stage, which suggests that there is a high dependence on a individual to become a leader for direction and guidance (Tuckman, 1965). Furthermore, this stage highlights the lack of clarity of individual roles and reliance on a specific individual for direction (leader). After delegating the role to the individual the team member blossomed to be a vital part of the team. The individual came to meetings prepared with answers and solutions and started to voice a opinion rather than just agreeing with the rest of the group. After reflecting on this incident and how the outcome came to fruition I would change my approach in future. I would look to intervene as early as possible to reap the rewards of the individuals contribution at a earlier stage. This will provide significant benefits for team and individual morale and therefore increase productivity and improve the results of the simulation. 5.0 Critical Incident 2 (Negative) Initially, I did not mind taking a leading role within the simulation as I found it to be challenging. However, analysing the results and trying to decide the correct strategy became time consuming as well as stressful. Other team members were providing opinions and suggesting changes but were doing so without looking at previous results. Thus, providing random solutions which does not follow a strategy and may not result in a positive outcome. After the team meetings I also had to finalise the changes and submit the final decision. At the time the incident occurred I was attempting to make a decision which was challenging, I was unsure on why certain negative results had been occurring. I over-reacted and decided to make my feelings which I had been holding back for a number of weeks clear to the rest of my group. This was done in a unprofessional and aggressive manner as it was a heat of the moment response. After taking time to reflect upon this and although my team members were over reliant on me, I should not have reacted in the manner I did. I was getting frustrated of having to complete the majority of the workload myself and at the moment in time was struggling to understand a certain aspect of the simulation. However, I should have advised them of the way I feel in a considerate and professional manner. By doing this, I would have avoided the need for confrontation with the rest of the group. Through the use of Gibbs (1988) model for reflection (see fig 1), I have been able to reflect upon this incident and identify the things that I could have done differently. If the scenario arose again, I would approach the situation in a different manner to result in a positive outcome for the group. From this experience I have learnt that at times I can over-react or say something in a aggressive manner which may be taken in the wrong context by others. 6.0 Critical Incident 3 (Negative) I was extremely frustrated when I realised that someone had replicated my work and decided to complete the task that I was designated to do. Other members of the group all believed that they had completed the work which was delegated to them and the opposite person did the wrong task. This resulted in a group confrontation which caused friction between the group. I was adamant that I completed the correct task and I made this very clear. However, after reflecting on the scenario I have come to realise that the delegation of roles was not clarified or done clearly, Thus, causing confusion between the team members about who is doing what task. Before actually looking at what was discussed and designated the previous week, all group members including myself decided to jump to conclusions and become defensive. The whole group were very vocal that they had completed the correct task and therefore had no intentions in finding out how this occurred or if a solution can be identified. Looking back at this, I should have tried to control the situation instead of contributing to it and letting it get out of hand. By taking the time to reflect on this particular scenario I have come to realise that patience and understanding are key principles of effective team work. Everyone makes mistakes and by neutralising the situation a potential solution can be found in order to resolve the original issue. If I am faced with a similar situation again, I will look to my leadership skills to analyse and take control of the situation. This will allow me to turn a negative scenario into a positive outcome by providing a positive influence and sense of direction to the rest of my team members. Leadership is defined as being a process whereby one individual influences other group members towards the attainment of defined group and organisational goals (Barron Greenburg, 1990). Another definition of leadership is provided by Rollinson and Broadfield (2002) who postulates that leader ship is a procedure that enables a leader and other members of a group interact in a way which provides the significant individual (leader) to influence the actions of the rest of the group in a non-coercive manner. Thus, directing the team towards the achievement of specific aims or objectives (Rollinson Broadfield, 2002). 7.0 Conclusion In conclusion the Mega Learning simulation has developed a range of transferable skills including effective teamwork, strategic development and implementation and also reflecting thinking. I have improved my ability to work as part of a team, taking into consideration other individuals strengths and weaknesses and using them as a basis to achieve positive outcomes. Moreover, I have significantly improved my communication skills throughout the process which will benefit me greatly in future organisational and team activities that I undertake. The experience of the Mega simulation correlates to Kolbs Learning Cycle (1984), the first three elements consist of Concrete Experience, Observations and Reflections and Abstract conceptualisation (development of ideas) (Kolb, 2014). The influences of my learning experience will assist me significantly in future scenarios and this relates to the fourth element of Active Experimentation (Kolb, 2014). The ability to learn from experiences is an im portant life skill which contribute to the shaping of a individual. David Kolb postulates that Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience† (Kolb, 1984, p. 38). 8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY Baron, R, A and Greenberg, J, (1990). Behaviour in organisations: understanding and managing the human side of work. Allyn and Bacon Belbin, M, (2012). Management Team: Why they succeed or fail. Second edition. Routledge, 2012 Belbin Associates. (2012).Belbin Team Roles.Available: http://www.belbin.com/rte.asp?id=8. Last accessed 1st Feb 2015 Buelens, M, Sinding, K., Waldstrom, C., Kreitner, R., and Kinicki, A. (2011) Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition: McGrawHill Higher Education Flanagan, J.C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4): 327–358. Gibbs, G, (1988), Learning by Doing. A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. FEU Kolb, D, A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development(Vol. 2). FT Press, 2014 Kolb, D. A. (1984).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development(Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Luthans, F. (2011) Organisational Behaviour: An Evidence-Based Approach, 12th Edition: McGrawHill McLeod, S, A. (2010) Kolb Learning Styles. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html McShane, S. L. and Von Glinow, M. A. (2012) Organisational Behaviour: Emerging Knowledge, Global Reality, 6th Edition: McGraw-Hill Rollinson, D Broadfield, A, (2002).Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Schà ¶n, DA, (1987),Educating the reflective practitioner, Jossey-Bass. San Francisco. Tuckman, B, (1965). Development sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin 63: 384-399. APPENDIX 1: Log-book / Diary The aim of this is to give you guidance as to how to plan working together in your team for your first assignment. Develop an action plan by answering the following questions: What are we supposed to be doing? What action needs to be taken? By whom? What time scale? What support is needed from the rest of the team? What to do if a team member has a problem in completing his/her task? What to do with someone who will not do any work or will not work as part of the team? Time chart Team Members: a) Nisbah Marta Mohammed Lucio James If the following sheet is not enough – please use additional notes on black page per week – example is available on page 7 (The titles of the columns will be explained in the lecture/seminars.) Reflective ReportPage 1

The Mordern Student Do Not Respect Teachers

As the education is playing more and more important role in social life, one controversial issue comes up that whether nowadays students do not respect teachers as much as in the past. Admittedly, we are emphasizing that everyone is equal and stressing the right to express our ideas different from others. However, can we say that nowadays students do not respect teachers as much as in the past? Perhaps not. Despite of different people hold various perspectives, I, given this chance, prefer to assert that nowadays students respect teachers as much as in the past.My point of view, involves the fundamental and deep discussions as follows. To begin with, one should emphasize that nowadays people’s concerns about the education are becoming more and more than in the past. It is undeniable that the teachers play the vital roles in the education and get more respect than in the past. To make it more compelling, let me use more details to demonstrate it. As we all know, to make ourselv es more outstanding in this competitive society, we should study hard to compete with others. In addition, the teachers guide us in our study life and then we must respect teachers to gain the knowledge.However, in the past people always adopted several children and they main concerned about how to solve problem about the supplication of food instead of the education. Due to the change of importance of the teachers in the society, students would respect less than nowadays. Obviously, nowadays students respect teachers more than in the past. In addition, another essential and compelling argument that always deserves people’s attention is that the nowadays teachers have more abundant knowledge and more wide perspectives, and then students become more adore teachers than before.Both common sense and our daily experience inform us that with the development of science and technology, teachers have more ways to gain the knowledge than what I can imagine, such as searching Internet, devoting themselves in to the specific research and so forth. What’s more, the nowadays teachers gain the higher degree than before, such as masters and professors instead of the undergraduate. Nevertheless, in the past teachers always gained knowledge from books. Hence nowadays teachers will be more profound than the teacher in the past and gain more respect from students.Admittedly, there are some students do not respect teachers. However the number just occupies the small rate of all students. Furthermore we should acknowledge that there must students do not respect teacher in the past either. To sum up, some people might still remain unconvinced, but the reasons I have analyzed would make them more aware of the dimensions of this issue. Hence at last, there will be no doubt that the nowadays students do more respect teachers than in the past.

The Ethical Issues Of Procreation Essay - 1389 Words

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